TDS operates, maintains and calibrates the national network of automatic meteorological stations, keeping every sensor within specification: solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed and direction, and soil moisture. Field maintenance is paired with data quality control and integration into the national system, and with a consulting layer that turns the record into reports on climate variability and change, including analysis of El Niño and La Niña influence on the Kingdom’s rainfall and temperature patterns.
Hydrochemical Monitoring in the Zamzam Protected Groundwater Zone
Makkah al-Mukarramah, Wadi Ibrahim
Wadi Ibrahim is the main feeder of the Zamzam well, and large construction works around the Holy Mosque made it necessary to confirm that the groundwater in its protection zone was not being affected.
